Scrapy
  • Scrapy at a glance
    • Walk-through of an example spider
      • What just happened?
    • What else?
    • What’s next?
  • Installation guide
    • Installing Scrapy
    • Platform specific installation notes
      • Windows
      • Ubuntu 9.10 or above
      • Archlinux
  • Scrapy Tutorial
    • Creating a project
    • Defining our Item
    • Our first Spider
      • Crawling
        • What just happened under the hood?
      • Extracting Items
        • Introduction to Selectors
        • Trying Selectors in the Shell
        • Extracting the data
      • Using our item
    • Following links
    • Storing the scraped data
    • Next steps
  • Examples
  • Command line tool
    • Configuration settings
    • Default structure of Scrapy projects
    • Using the scrapy tool
      • Creating projects
      • Controlling projects
    • Available tool commands
      • startproject
      • genspider
      • crawl
      • check
      • list
      • edit
      • fetch
      • view
      • shell
      • parse
      • settings
      • runspider
      • version
      • bench
    • Custom project commands
      • COMMANDS_MODULE
      • Register commands via setup.py entry points
  • Spiders
    • scrapy.Spider
    • Spider arguments
    • Generic Spiders
      • CrawlSpider
        • Crawling rules
        • CrawlSpider example
      • XMLFeedSpider
        • XMLFeedSpider example
      • CSVFeedSpider
        • CSVFeedSpider example
      • SitemapSpider
        • SitemapSpider examples
  • Selectors
    • Using selectors
      • Constructing selectors
      • Using selectors
      • Nesting selectors
      • Using selectors with regular expressions
      • Working with relative XPaths
      • Using EXSLT extensions
        • Regular expressions
        • Set operations
      • Some XPath tips
        • Using text nodes in a condition
        • Beware of the difference between //node[1] and (//node)[1]
        • When querying by class, consider using CSS
    • Built-in Selectors reference
      • SelectorList objects
        • Selector examples on HTML response
        • Selector examples on XML response
        • Removing namespaces
  • Items
    • Declaring Items
    • Item Fields
    • Working with Items
      • Creating items
      • Getting field values
      • Setting field values
      • Accessing all populated values
      • Other common tasks
    • Extending Items
    • Item objects
    • Field objects
  • Item Loaders
    • Using Item Loaders to populate items
    • Input and Output processors
    • Declaring Item Loaders
    • Declaring Input and Output Processors
    • Item Loader Context
    • ItemLoader objects
    • Reusing and extending Item Loaders
    • Available built-in processors
  • Scrapy shell
    • Launch the shell
    • Using the shell
      • Available Shortcuts
      • Available Scrapy objects
    • Example of shell session
    • Invoking the shell from spiders to inspect responses
  • Item Pipeline
    • Writing your own item pipeline
    • Item pipeline example
      • Price validation and dropping items with no prices
      • Write items to a JSON file
      • Write items to MongoDB
      • Duplicates filter
    • Activating an Item Pipeline component
  • Feed exports
    • Serialization formats
      • JSON
      • JSON lines
      • CSV
      • XML
      • Pickle
      • Marshal
    • Storages
    • Storage URI parameters
    • Storage backends
      • Local filesystem
      • FTP
      • S3
      • Standard output
    • Settings
      • FEED_URI
      • FEED_FORMAT
      • FEED_EXPORT_FIELDS
      • FEED_STORE_EMPTY
      • FEED_STORAGES
      • FEED_STORAGES_BASE
      • FEED_EXPORTERS
      • FEED_EXPORTERS_BASE
  • Requests and Responses
    • Request objects
      • Passing additional data to callback functions
    • Request.meta special keys
      • bindaddress
      • download_timeout
    • Request subclasses
      • FormRequest objects
      • Request usage examples
        • Using FormRequest to send data via HTTP POST
        • Using FormRequest.from_response() to simulate a user login
    • Response objects
    • Response subclasses
      • TextResponse objects
      • HtmlResponse objects
      • XmlResponse objects
  • Link Extractors
    • Built-in link extractors reference
      • LxmlLinkExtractor
  • Settings
    • Designating the settings
    • Populating the settings
      • 1. Command line options
      • 2. Settings per-spider
      • 3. Project settings module
      • 4. Default settings per-command
      • 5. Default global settings
    • How to access settings
    • Rationale for setting names
    • Built-in settings reference
      • AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
      • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
      • BOT_NAME
      • CONCURRENT_ITEMS
      • CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
      • CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN
      • CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP
      • DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
      • DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
      • DEPTH_LIMIT
      • DEPTH_PRIORITY
      • DEPTH_STATS
      • DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE
      • DNSCACHE_ENABLED
      • DNSCACHE_SIZE
      • DNS_TIMEOUT
      • DOWNLOADER
      • DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
      • DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
      • DOWNLOADER_STATS
      • DOWNLOAD_DELAY
      • DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS
      • DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE
      • DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
      • DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE
      • DOWNLOAD_WARNSIZE
      • DUPEFILTER_CLASS
      • DUPEFILTER_DEBUG
      • EDITOR
      • EXTENSIONS
      • EXTENSIONS_BASE
      • ITEM_PIPELINES
      • ITEM_PIPELINES_BASE
      • LOG_ENABLED
      • LOG_ENCODING
      • LOG_FILE
      • LOG_FORMAT
      • LOG_DATEFORMAT
      • LOG_LEVEL
      • LOG_STDOUT
      • MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
      • MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
      • MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
      • MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
      • MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
      • MEMUSAGE_REPORT
      • MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
      • NEWSPIDER_MODULE
      • RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
      • REACTOR_THREADPOOL_MAXSIZE
      • REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
      • REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
      • REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
      • ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
      • SCHEDULER
      • SPIDER_CONTRACTS
      • SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE
      • SPIDER_LOADER_CLASS
      • SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
      • SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
      • SPIDER_MODULES
      • STATS_CLASS
      • STATS_DUMP
      • STATSMAILER_RCPTS
      • TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
      • TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
      • TEMPLATES_DIR
      • URLLENGTH_LIMIT
      • USER_AGENT
      • Settings documented elsewhere:
  • Exceptions
    • Built-in Exceptions reference
      • DropItem
      • CloseSpider
      • IgnoreRequest
      • NotConfigured
      • NotSupported
  • Logging
    • Log levels
    • How to log messages
    • Logging from Spiders
    • Logging configuration
      • Logging settings
      • Command-line options
    • scrapy.utils.log module
  • Stats Collection
    • Common Stats Collector uses
    • Available Stats Collectors
      • MemoryStatsCollector
      • DummyStatsCollector
  • Sending e-mail
    • Quick example
    • MailSender class reference
    • Mail settings
      • MAIL_FROM
      • MAIL_HOST
      • MAIL_PORT
      • MAIL_USER
      • MAIL_PASS
      • MAIL_TLS
      • MAIL_SSL
  • Telnet Console
    • How to access the telnet console
    • Available variables in the telnet console
    • Telnet console usage examples
      • View engine status
      • Pause, resume and stop the Scrapy engine
    • Telnet Console signals
    • Telnet settings
      • TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
      • TELNETCONSOLE_HOST
  • Web Service
  • Frequently Asked Questions
    • How does Scrapy compare to BeautifulSoup or lxml?
    • What Python versions does Scrapy support?
    • Does Scrapy work with Python 3?
    • Did Scrapy “steal” X from Django?
    • Does Scrapy work with HTTP proxies?
    • How can I scrape an item with attributes in different pages?
    • Scrapy crashes with: ImportError: No module named win32api
    • How can I simulate a user login in my spider?
    • Does Scrapy crawl in breadth-first or depth-first order?
    • My Scrapy crawler has memory leaks. What can I do?
    • How can I make Scrapy consume less memory?
    • Can I use Basic HTTP Authentication in my spiders?
    • Why does Scrapy download pages in English instead of my native language?
    • Where can I find some example Scrapy projects?
    • Can I run a spider without creating a project?
    • I get “Filtered offsite request” messages. How can I fix them?
    • What is the recommended way to deploy a Scrapy crawler in production?
    • Can I use JSON for large exports?
    • Can I return (Twisted) deferreds from signal handlers?
    • What does the response status code 999 means?
    • Can I call pdb.set_trace() from my spiders to debug them?
    • Simplest way to dump all my scraped items into a JSON/CSV/XML file?
    • What’s this huge cryptic __VIEWSTATE parameter used in some forms?
    • What’s the best way to parse big XML/CSV data feeds?
    • Does Scrapy manage cookies automatically?
    • How can I see the cookies being sent and received from Scrapy?
    • How can I instruct a spider to stop itself?
    • How can I prevent my Scrapy bot from getting banned?
    • Should I use spider arguments or settings to configure my spider?
    • I’m scraping a XML document and my XPath selector doesn’t return any items
  • Debugging Spiders
    • Parse Command
    • Scrapy Shell
    • Open in browser
    • Logging
  • Spiders Contracts
    • Custom Contracts
  • Common Practices
    • Run Scrapy from a script
    • Running multiple spiders in the same process
    • Distributed crawls
    • Avoiding getting banned
  • Broad Crawls
    • Increase concurrency
    • Increase Twisted IO thread pool maximum size
    • Setup your own DNS
    • Reduce log level
    • Disable cookies
    • Disable retries
    • Reduce download timeout
    • Disable redirects
    • Enable crawling of “Ajax Crawlable Pages”
  • Using Firefox for scraping
    • Caveats with inspecting the live browser DOM
    • Useful Firefox add-ons for scraping
      • Firebug
      • XPather
      • XPath Checker
      • Tamper Data
      • Firecookie
  • Using Firebug for scraping
    • Introduction
    • Getting links to follow
    • Extracting the data
  • Debugging memory leaks
    • Common causes of memory leaks
      • Too Many Requests?
    • Debugging memory leaks with trackref
      • Which objects are tracked?
      • A real example
      • Too many spiders?
      • scrapy.utils.trackref module
    • Debugging memory leaks with Guppy
    • Leaks without leaks
  • Downloading and processing files and images
    • Using the Files Pipeline
    • Using the Images Pipeline
    • Usage example
    • Enabling your Media Pipeline
    • Supported Storage
      • File system storage
    • Additional features
      • File expiration
      • Thumbnail generation for images
      • Filtering out small images
    • Extending the Media Pipelines
    • Custom Images pipeline example
  • Ubuntu packages
  • Deploying Spiders
    • Deploying to a Scrapyd Server
    • Deploying to Scrapy Cloud
  • AutoThrottle extension
    • Design goals
    • How it works
    • Throttling algorithm
    • Settings
      • AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED
      • AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY
      • AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY
      • AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG
  • Benchmarking
  • Jobs: pausing and resuming crawls
    • Job directory
    • How to use it
    • Keeping persistent state between batches
    • Persistence gotchas
      • Cookies expiration
      • Request serialization
  • Architecture overview
    • Overview
    • Components
      • Scrapy Engine
      • Scheduler
      • Downloader
      • Spiders
      • Item Pipeline
      • Downloader middlewares
      • Spider middlewares
    • Data flow
    • Event-driven networking
  • Downloader Middleware
    • Activating a downloader middleware
    • Writing your own downloader middleware
    • Built-in downloader middleware reference
      • CookiesMiddleware
        • Multiple cookie sessions per spider
        • COOKIES_ENABLED
        • COOKIES_DEBUG
      • DefaultHeadersMiddleware
      • DownloadTimeoutMiddleware
      • HttpAuthMiddleware
      • HttpCacheMiddleware
        • Dummy policy (default)
        • RFC2616 policy
        • Filesystem storage backend (default)
        • DBM storage backend
        • LevelDB storage backend
        • HTTPCache middleware settings
      • HttpCompressionMiddleware
        • HttpCompressionMiddleware Settings
      • ChunkedTransferMiddleware
      • HttpProxyMiddleware
      • RedirectMiddleware
        • RedirectMiddleware settings
      • MetaRefreshMiddleware
        • MetaRefreshMiddleware settings
      • RetryMiddleware
        • RetryMiddleware Settings
      • RobotsTxtMiddleware
      • DownloaderStats
      • UserAgentMiddleware
      • AjaxCrawlMiddleware
        • AjaxCrawlMiddleware Settings
  • Spider Middleware
    • Activating a spider middleware
    • Writing your own spider middleware
    • Built-in spider middleware reference
      • DepthMiddleware
      • HttpErrorMiddleware
        • HttpErrorMiddleware settings
      • OffsiteMiddleware
      • RefererMiddleware
        • RefererMiddleware settings
      • UrlLengthMiddleware
  • Extensions
    • Extension settings
    • Loading & activating extensions
    • Available, enabled and disabled extensions
    • Disabling an extension
    • Writing your own extension
      • Sample extension
    • Built-in extensions reference
      • General purpose extensions
        • Log Stats extension
        • Core Stats extension
        • Telnet console extension
        • Memory usage extension
        • Memory debugger extension
        • Close spider extension
        • StatsMailer extension
      • Debugging extensions
        • Stack trace dump extension
        • Debugger extension
  • Core API
    • Crawler API
    • Settings API
    • SpiderLoader API
    • Signals API
    • Stats Collector API
  • Signals
    • Deferred signal handlers
    • Built-in signals reference
      • engine_started
      • engine_stopped
      • item_scraped
      • item_dropped
      • spider_closed
      • spider_opened
      • spider_idle
      • spider_error
      • request_scheduled
      • request_dropped
      • response_received
      • response_downloaded
  • Item Exporters
    • Using Item Exporters
    • Serialization of item fields
      • 1. Declaring a serializer in the field
      • 2. Overriding the serialize_field() method
    • Built-in Item Exporters reference
      • BaseItemExporter
      • XmlItemExporter
      • CsvItemExporter
      • PickleItemExporter
      • PprintItemExporter
      • JsonItemExporter
      • JsonLinesItemExporter
  • Release notes
    • 1.0.2 (2015-08-06)
    • 1.0.1 (2015-07-01)
    • 1.0.0 (2015-06-19)
      • Support for returning dictionaries in spiders
      • Per-spider settings (GSoC 2014)
      • Python Logging
      • Crawler API refactoring (GSoC 2014)
      • Module Relocations
        • Full list of relocations
      • Changelog
    • 0.24.6 (2015-04-20)
    • 0.24.5 (2015-02-25)
    • 0.24.4 (2014-08-09)
    • 0.24.3 (2014-08-09)
    • 0.24.2 (2014-07-08)
    • 0.24.1 (2014-06-27)
    • 0.24.0 (2014-06-26)
      • Enhancements
      • Bugfixes
    • 0.22.2 (released 2014-02-14)
    • 0.22.1 (released 2014-02-08)
    • 0.22.0 (released 2014-01-17)
      • Enhancements
      • Fixes
    • 0.20.2 (released 2013-12-09)
    • 0.20.1 (released 2013-11-28)
    • 0.20.0 (released 2013-11-08)
      • Enhancements
      • Bugfixes
      • Other
      • Thanks
    • 0.18.4 (released 2013-10-10)
    • 0.18.3 (released 2013-10-03)
    • 0.18.2 (released 2013-09-03)
    • 0.18.1 (released 2013-08-27)
    • 0.18.0 (released 2013-08-09)
    • 0.16.5 (released 2013-05-30)
    • 0.16.4 (released 2013-01-23)
    • 0.16.3 (released 2012-12-07)
    • 0.16.2 (released 2012-11-09)
    • 0.16.1 (released 2012-10-26)
    • 0.16.0 (released 2012-10-18)
    • 0.14.4
    • 0.14.3
    • 0.14.2
    • 0.14.1
    • 0.14
      • New features and settings
      • Code rearranged and removed
    • 0.12
      • New features and improvements
      • Scrapyd changes
      • Changes to settings
      • Deprecated/obsoleted functionality
    • 0.10
      • New features and improvements
      • Command-line tool changes
      • API changes
      • Changes to settings
    • 0.9
      • New features and improvements
      • API changes
      • Changes to default settings
    • 0.8
      • New features
      • Backwards-incompatible changes
    • 0.7
  • Contributing to Scrapy
    • Reporting bugs
    • Writing patches
    • Submitting patches
    • Coding style
    • Scrapy Contrib
    • Documentation policies
    • Tests
      • Running tests
      • Writing tests
  • Versioning and API Stability
    • Versioning
    • API Stability
 
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